The downside risk is the financial risk associated with losses. It is an estimation of a security’s potential to suffer a decline in value if the market conditions change or the amount of loss that could be sustained as a result of the decline. That is, it is the risk of the actual return b.....
A cost overrun is the amount by which actual expenditures exceed the planned amount. It is also known as a cost increase or budget overrun, which involves unexpected incurred costs. These are common in large-scale projects, such as infrastructure and information technology projects. When these co.....
Mortgage fraud happens when, in the course of applying for a mortgage loan to buy a house, a prospective homebuyer either provide false information or omits significant information. It is not to be confused with abusive mortgage lending, which takes place when the lender’s agents mislead or.....
In general, dumping is a situation of international price discrimination where the price of a commodity is lower than the price of that product on the market of the exporting country when it is sold in the importing country. An anti-dumping duty is a protectionist tariff levied on foreign goods b.....
Predatory pricing is a pricing strategy, and in an attempt to eliminate competition; it is the illegal act of setting prices low. It refers to a pricing strategy in which goods or services are offered at a very low price point, with the intention of driving out competition and creating barriers t.....
The price differential between a barrel of crude oil and its by-products such as gasoline, heating oil, kerosene, and fuel oil is referred to as the crack spread. It finds its worth through investors, traders, and arbitrageurs. Through “cracking” the long-chain hydrocarbons of crude o.....
The economy of the black market is a commercial enterprise that exists beyond the rules, legislation, and taxes. In economics, there is not one concept of black money. It is money that has been obtained through illegal means or money that is unaccounted for in the language of the layman, that is,.....
The quantity demanded is a term used in economics to describe the total quantity of a product or service requested by customers for a specified period of time. Regardless of whether it is the market equilibrium price, the important element in a demand curve is the price customers are paying for a.....
The quantity supplied in economics refers to the amount of products or services manufactured and sold by firms at a given market price. This amount varies at various price levels, but usually, the higher the price, the more likely it is for manufacturers to be able to supply customers with produc.....
Visible supply is the volume of a product or service available to be purchased or sold that is currently being stored or transported. Visible supply in the sense of finance usually refers to the amount of goods available for trade. Commodities kept in storage, loading docks, or transit may be inc.....
A Keogh plan is a retirement tax-deferred plan intended for self-employed individuals. While most plans are defined as a defined contribution, a Keogh plan may be set up as either a defined benefit or a defined contribution plan. Keogh plans are eligible to be formed by small businesses, partners.....
Succession planning refers to the process of hiring and cultivating workers in order to fill a key role within an organization. Often known as “replacement planning,” it ensures that after a company’s most valuable individuals move on to new opportunities, retire, or pass away, companie.....