BiologyCholera Toxin Cholera toxin is a protein complex produced by the bacteria Vibrio cholerae, which causes cholera, a severe diarrheal illness. The toxin consists of several subunits,…
EnvironmentAtmospheric Waveguide An atmospheric waveguide is an atmospheric flow structure that enhances the propagation of specific atmospheric waves. It is an area of the Earth’s atmosphere in…
AgricultureToxaphene Toxaphene was an insecticide that was predominantly employed on cotton in the southern United States throughout the late 1960s and 1970s. Toxaphene is a compound…
TechnologyTypes and Principles of Hydrogen Sensor A hydrogen sensor detects the presence of hydrogen gas in the surrounding environment. It is a gas detector that can detect the presence of hydrogen.…
BiologyHydrogen Leak Testing Hydrogen leak testing is a critical method for detecting and measuring leaks in systems or equipment that handle hydrogen gas. It is the standard method…
ChemistryElectrolysis of Water Water electrolysis is a chemical process that uses electricity to divide water molecules (H2O) into hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2) gases. Electrolysis is the process…
GeographyCoastal Hydrogeology Coastal hydrogeology is a subfield of hydrogeology that investigates groundwater dynamics, characteristics, and interactions in coastal environments. It is a branch of hydrogeology that studies…
GeographyFault Zone Hydrogeology Fault zone hydrogeology is the study of how brittlely deformed rocks influence fluid flow in various lithological environments, including clastic, igneous, and carbonate rocks. Because…
SociologyRural Crafts Rural crafts are a diverse set of traditional skills and trades conducted in rural areas and frequently passed down through generations. It refers to traditional…
PhysicsPsychoacoustics – branch of psychophysics Psychoacoustics is a branch of psychophysics that studies sound perception and audiology, or how the human auditory system interprets different sounds. It is concerned with…
BiologyShiga Toxins Shiga toxins are a series of similar toxins divided into two primary families, Stx1 and Stx2, which are expressed by genes thought to be found…
ChemistryDinotoxins – a group of toxins Dinotoxins are a class of poisons produced by flagellated, aquatic, unicellular protists known as dinoflagellates. Hardy and Wallace created the term “dinoflagellate toxins” in 2012…